Agriculture
Nevada's agriculture depends on irrigation. Even in the river
valleys, farmers and ranchers pump additional groundwater for
their crops and livestock. About 750,000 acres (300,000
hectares) are classified as cropland, compared with about
7,600,000 acres of pasture and rangeland. In the 20th century
farms and ranches have increased in acreage while declining in
number.
Croplands are devoted mainly to forage and feed crops, with
alfalfa the major commercial crop. Livestock ranching, however,
is the primary source of agricultural income. The large cattle
and sheep ranches are chiefly in Elko, Humboldt, and Lander
counties. Most of the cattle are shipped to California or the
Midwest for fattening and marketing. Dairy and poultry
farms have become important in western and southeastern Nevada,
where horse ranches also have been developed.
Nearly one-fifth of Nevada's total acreage is devoted to
forests and woodlands. More than 5,000,000 acres have been
designated as national forests, and private holdings support
only a small-scale lumber industry. Aside from lumber
production, the forests are of importance for the conservation
of water and wildlife and in providing recreational
opportunities.
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